Positron Emission Tomography represents one of the most remarkable technological achievements in medical imaging. Its ability to provide a functional view of biological processes has revolutionized how diseases are detected, monitored, and treated. From oncology to neurology and cardiology, PET continues to redefine standards of diagnostic precision.
The working principle of PET involves detecting gamma photons resulting from positron-electron annihilation events. Using radiolabeled compounds such as fluorodeoxyglucose, PET scans highlight regions of increased metabolic activity. This unique capability enables physicians to visualize disease at the molecular level long before structural changes become visible.
Over the past decades, PET technology has undergone rapid innovation. The integration of PET/CT and PET/MRI has merged metabolic and anatomical imaging, creating comprehensive diagnostic systems. PET/CT is widely used for cancer staging and monitoring, while PET/MRI offers enhanced soft-tissue contrast and reduced radiation, ideal for brain and pediatric imaging.
The design of novel radiotracers has extended PET’s clinical reach. Beyond glucose metabolism, tracers now target proteins, receptors, and nucleic acids. These allow clinicians to evaluate tumor biology, inflammation, and neurochemical alterations with specificity. Radiochemistry continues to innovate tracers for immune checkpoint imaging, infection localization, and cardiac metabolism.